Microgrid is a concept of innovative work for addition of renewable energy sources (RES) into a distribution system. A microgrid is a version of small-scale utility grid, which can work autonomously or in colligation with the main grid. This study investigates the combination of renewable energy sources into an islanded microgrid (MG) model to increase the efficiency and diminish carbon emission.The growth of renewable energy sources (RES) in Micro Grids has expanded the strike of damping on network stability. This gives climb to a lot of issues in the power system, along with power inconstancy from fluctuating RES, reduction of frequency regulation, and over supply from grid connected assigned generators. This analysis shows a cascaded hybrid load frequency controller for a micro grid that send frequency variation caused by change in load. A performance comparison was carried out between various controllers, including the integral (I), proportional–integral (PI), proportional–integral–derivative with filtering (PIDF), and the newly developed PIPDF controller. The results show that the PIPDF controller significantly improves efficiency, reducing the ISE value by 97.12%, 72.46%, and 68.50% relative to the I, PI, and PIDF controllers, respectively.Different operating conditions were examined, including changes in load, shifts in demand response, the effect of time delaysand challenging environmental situations.

In this analysis we observed the frequency variation of the microgrid system. Considering various scenarios such as load fluctuation, changing the time delay, taking different values of demand response and under harsh condition.Here the APO algorithm and cascade controller PIPDF is used to achieve efficiency in controlling the micro grid’s frequency response. The performance of this controller is compared tothree I, PI, PIDF controllers in four scenarios. Based on the simulation results in different scenarios, the APO algorithm was able to optimally design the PIPDF controller with the aim of reducing ISE error. In this analysis we examined that the PIPDF shows the better result as compared to other controllers, the ISE error also decreasing 97.12%, 72.46%, 68.50% respectively.

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