Modern agriculture faces several challenges such as unpredictable weather conditions, inefficient water management, plant disease detection, and the need for continuous monitoring of crops. This paper presents a Smart Farming with Automation system designed to improve agricultural productivity using Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and intelligent sensing. The proposed system utilizes a microcontroller-based platform using the ESP32 to monitor and control various environmental parameters inside a farming environment such as a polyhouse. Multiple sensors including temperature and humidity sensors, soil moisture sensors, rain sensors, gas sensors, and flame sensors are integrated to continuously monitor the crop conditions. Additionally, an image-based monitoring system using the ESP32-CAM and a color sensor is employed to observe plant health and detect variations in crop conditions. The system also incorporates an automated irrigation mechanism, a shed control mechanism driven by servo motors for weather protection, and real-time data display through an OLED interface. When abnormal conditions such as gas leakage, excessive temperature, fire hazards, or rainfall are detected, the system automatically activates preventive actions such as irrigation control, alert mechanisms, and protective shed movement. The proposed solution aims to reduce manual effort, optimize resource utilization, and enhance crop monitoring through intelligent automation. The implementation demonstrates a low-cost and scalable solution suitable for small and medium-scale farmers to improve crop management and agricultural efficiency.

The proposed smart farming automation system successfully demonstrates the integration of modern technologies such as IoT, sensors, and embedded systems to improve agricultural efficiency. By utilizing the ESP32 DevKit V1 as the central controller, the system effectively monitors key environmental parameters including soil moisture, temperature, humidity, rainfall, gas levels, and water availability. The implementation of automated irrigation based on soil moisture ensures optimal water usage, reducing wastage and enhancing crop growth. The rain detection mechanism combined with a servo-controlled shed provides protection against adverse weather conditions. Additionally, safety features such as gas and flame detection improve the reliability and security of the farming environment. The integration of real-time monitoring through an OLED display and camera-based plant observation further enhances the system’s capability to support informed decision-making. Overall, the system proves to be cost-effective, efficient, and scalable, making it suitable for modern agricultural applications. Thus, the developed smart farming system contributes towards sustainable agriculture by optimizing resource utilization, improving crop productivity, and reducing manual intervention.

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